![]() ![]() Ultimately, over 1,600 residents of Jefferson County served in the Union Army. During the time leading up to the American Civil War, Fairfield was a stopping point for the Underground Railroad. In 1893 the Carnegie Library was completed, the first west of the Mississippi. It is estimated that between 7,000 and 10,000 fair goers attended this historical event. The total cost to hold the fair was around $320, and public admission was 25 cents per person. The first fair was held October 25–27, 1854 on 6 acres (2.4 ha) of land surrounded by a 10-foot-high (3.0 m) fence. The city was the site of the first and second Iowa State Fairs. By 1840, Fairfield had a population of 110 and grew to 650 in 1847. But also author Susan Welty suggests it was a play of words on her own name (bonny field). The name was suggested by Nancy Bonnifield, one of the settlers, because it aptly described the fair fields of the area. The area now known as Jefferson County was first settled in 1836, and became Jefferson County in 1839, with the new community of Fairfield as the county seat. Early architecture in Fairfield includes work by George Franklin Barber and Barry Byrne. Its library was established in 1853, and it held its first fair in 1854. It became the county seat in 1839 with 110 residents and grew to 650 by 1847. The median family income is $46,138, with 10% of families below the poverty line. It has a population of 9,416 people, according to the 2020 census. Fairfield is a city in, and the county seat of, Jefferson County, Iowa.
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